Delphi Method Resources

A curated collection of essential resources to deepen your understanding and enhance your Delphi study execution.

Essential Reading

Foundational Papers

  • Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (2002). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications.
    The classic comprehensive guide to Delphi methodology
  • Hsu, C. C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). "The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus."
    Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 12(10), 1-8.
    Accessible introduction for beginners
  • Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). "Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique."
    Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008-1015.
    Practical guidelines for conducting Delphi studies
  • Diamond, I. R., et al. (2014). "Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies."
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(4), 401-409.
    Evidence-based recommendations for Delphi methodology
  • Beiderbeck, D., Frevel, N., von der Gracht, H. A., Schmidt, S. L., & Schweitzer, V. M. (2021). "Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: Cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements."
    MethodsX, 8, 101401.
    Comprehensive guide covering the entire Delphi process with modern best practices
  • Gnatzy, T., Warth, J., von der Gracht, H., & Darkow, I. L. (2011). "Validating an innovative real-time Delphi approach-a methodological comparison between real-time and conventional Delphi studies."
    Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1681-1694.
    Validation of real-time Delphi methodology - essential reading for Durvey users
  • Tapio, P., Paloniemi, R., Varho, V., & Vinnari, M. (2011). "The unholy marriage? Integrating qualitative and quantitative information in Delphi processes."
    Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1616-1628.
    Guide to combining qualitative and quantitative data in Delphi studies
  • Von der Gracht, H. A., & Darkow, I. L. (2010). "Scenarios for the logistics services industry: A Delphi-based analysis for 2025."
    International Journal of Production Economics, 127(1), 46-59.
    Practical application example of Delphi for scenario planning and forecasting

Analysis & Interpretation

Essential readings for analyzing Delphi study results, including statistical methods, dissent analysis, scenario development, and sentiment interpretation.

  • Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (2002). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications.
    The classic comprehensive guide to Delphi methodology
  • Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage publications limited.
    Comprehensive guide to statistical analysis techniques
  • Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1996). "The impact of task characteristics on the performance of structured group forecasting techniques."
    International Journal of Forecasting, 12(1), 73-89.
    Understanding dissent and disagreement in expert panels
  • Ecken, P., Gnatzy, T., & von der Gracht, H. A. (2011). "Desirability bias in foresight: Consequences for decision quality based on Delphi results."
    Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1654-1670.
    Identifying and addressing bias in expert responses
  • Roßmann, B., Canzaniello, A., von der Gracht, H., & Hartmann, E. (2018). "The future and social impact of Big Data Analytics in Supply Chain Management: Results from a Delphi study."
    Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 130, 135-149.
    Practical example of scenario analysis and interpretation
  • Bezdek, J. C., Keller, J., Krisnapuram, R., & Pal, N. (1999). Fuzzy models and algorithms for pattern recognition and image processing (Vol. 4). Springer Science & Business Media.
    Advanced clustering and pattern recognition techniques
  • Loye, D. (1980). "Personality and prediction."
    Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 16(2), 93-104.
    Understanding sentiment and personality influences in expert forecasting
  • Landeta, J. (2006). "Current validity of the Delphi method in social sciences."
    Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(5), 467-482.
    Validation and reliability of Delphi methodology
  • Mauksch, S., von der Gracht, H. A., & Gordon, T. J. (2020). "Who is an expert for foresight? A review of identification methods."
    Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 154, 119982.
    Expert selection criteria and validation methods
  • Rammstedt, B. (2007). "The 10-item big five inventory."
    European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 193-201.
    Personality assessment tools for expert characterization

Books

  • Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issues and analysis.
    In-depth analysis of Delphi as a forecasting method
  • Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications.
    Practical guide with real-world examples

Tools & Templates

💚 Durvey Platform (Recommended)

Purpose-built platform for conducting real-time Delphi studies with automated feedback, consensus analysis, and professional reporting.

Try Durvey →

Analysis Software

  • SPSS / STATA / R: Statistical analysis for quantitative data
  • NVivo / MAXQDA: Qualitative analysis for Round 1 open-ended responses
  • Excel / Google Sheets: Basic descriptive statistics and visualization

Document Templates

  • Expert invitation letter template
  • Informed consent form
  • Round instructions template
  • Feedback summary template
  • Final report structure

Templates coming soon in the Community section!

Reporting Standards

CREDES Checklist

Conducting and REporting of DElphi Studies - A standardized reporting guideline to ensure transparency and quality in Delphi research.

  • Study rationale and objectives
  • Expert selection criteria and recruitment
  • Delphi process and rounds
  • Consensus definition and measurement
  • Data analysis methods
  • Response rates and attrition
  • Results presentation

Online Courses & Tutorials

Recommended Learning Paths

  • Coursera: Research methods courses covering Delphi technique
  • YouTube: "Delphi Method Explained" tutorials and webinars
  • ResearchGate: Join the Delphi Method research community
  • LinkedIn Learning: Research design and survey methodology courses

Online Communities

Connect with Other Researchers

  • ResearchGate: Delphi Method discussion groups
  • Reddit: r/AskAcademia and r/SocialScience
  • LinkedIn: Research Methods and Delphi Study groups
  • Twitter/X: #DelphiMethod #ResearchMethods

Example Studies

Learn from published Delphi studies in your field:

  • Search Google Scholar for: "Delphi study" + [your topic]
  • Browse PubMed for healthcare Delphi studies
  • Explore Education databases (ERIC) for curriculum Delphi studies
  • Check business journals for strategic planning examples

Join the Community

Connect with fellow researchers, share your experiences, and get support for your Delphi studies.

Visit Community Page →

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